A shotgun is a type of firearm designed to shoot a spread of pellets, known as "shot," rather than a single projectile. This spread pattern makes shotguns highly effective for hunting fast-moving targets, such as birds, rabbits, and other small game. Shotguns are commonly used in upland bird hunting, waterfowl hunting, and various other types of small game hunting, where precision and quick follow-up shots are essential.

Shotguns come in various gauges, with the gauge number indicating the diameter of the barrel. The most common gauges are 12, 20, and 28, with the 12-gauge being the most widely used for general hunting purposes. Shotguns can be either single-barrel, double-barrel, or semi-automatic, with double-barrel shotguns offering the advantage of two shots before reloading, while semi-automatics allow for faster follow-up shots.

The ammunition used in shotguns is typically a shell filled with pellets made of lead or steel, depending on the hunting regulations and the type of game. The size of the shot pellets varies, with larger pellets used for larger game and smaller pellets ideal for smaller, quicker-moving targets. The spread of the shot helps to increase the likelihood of hitting a moving target, as it covers a larger area compared to a single projectile.

Shotguns are valued for their versatility, ease of use, and effectiveness in a wide range of hunting scenarios. Their ability to deliver rapid, accurate shots makes them an essential tool for hunters, particularly in environments where birds or small game are abundant and fast-moving. Whether used for bird hunting, clay shooting, or other small game pursuits, the shotgun remains one of the most popular and reliable firearms for hunters around the world.